This requirement helps provide network security, as even a machine that is configured to appear invisible on a network will likely answer packets addressed to it's loopback address.
Thus, if such a packet is accidentally forwarded outside of it's host, the packet will not accidentally arrive at another location that is willing to accept it and answer. Any public router or gateway that receives a packet destined for a special-use IP is required to drop it, without logging it's contents. The Internet Engineering Task Force's RFC 3330 defines 127.0.0.1 and 12 other special-use IPv4 addresses. Thus, no computer connected to the Internet, or any other TCP/IP compliant network, can identify itself as 127.0.0.1. The address 127.0.0.1 is defined by the TCP/IP protocol as a reserved address that routes packets back to the host. Additionally, most modern operating systems that implement TCP/IP regard the name "localhost" as being equivalent to 127.0.0.1. Although mainly used as a testing and development address, the loopback address can be used to access local services, such as webservers, that are usually only accessed over a network and have no local interface. Known as the loopback address, 127.0.0.1 is used whenever a program needs to access a network service running on the same computer as itself. 127.0.0.1 is a reserved IP address corresponding to the host computer.
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